Friday, 2 May 2025

The stars, the moon, and the official languages of Europe

So, today we have a Sappho fragment. We've already seen it here and also here, as well as in the various editions: it's the one about the stars around the moon, LP 34. Alongside the idea described at the sister post of this titled «Le stelle, la luna, e i dialetti italiani», I had the idea of making an episode for every continent, translating this thing to one official language per country of that continent. So let's see what I got for Europe:
  1. German from , dated «around 19 on 5/3/21, with the corrections suggested around 19:45 by this comment;
  2. Italian, version 2 from the edition, for Italy, whose translation «inizia con i primi due versi all'1:33 dell'1/9/25, e finisce col resto il giorno dopo alle 13:39» (stars with the first two lines at 1:33 on 1/9/25 and ends with the rest the next day at 13:39); I replace version 1 with version 2 here, saving version 1 in its latest revision for the Italian dialects post;
  3. English for the UK from the post with the German, dated to «the night between 28 and 29/3/21, specifically around 1:25»; well that's version 1, version 2 is dated 11/2/26 18:48 and is inspired by its Wolof and Dogespeak counterparts in inverting everything; basically an inverslation from Greek to English instead of from Japanese :); «around it again will hide» then changes to «around it again then hide» 3/3/26 0:18 and to «around it once more then hide» at 0:19;
  4. Modern Greek for Greece, dated 21/1/25 19:32-19:54, the better of two versions that will appear in the Greek anthology (or have appeared if the anthology has been launched, which it hasn't as of 29/10/25);
  5. Albanian for Albania, with initial version dated 8/4/25 14:13-14:37; aiming to do Gheg (Kosovar) Albanian for Kosovo to avoid duplicates; the Corrected version was sent 27/9/25 23:09 with comment «Così è un po più definita diciamo, and I fixed the meter 23:24-23:30 as per Metrical 1, and Metrical 2 is from 23:40;
  6. French for France, dated 9/4/25 8:43-8:45;
  7. Hungarian for Hungary, dated 10/4/25 13:24-15:03, an actual Sapphic stanza;
  8. Spanish for Spain, dated 10/4/25 20:39-20:47 with plata suggested 23:37 and endorsed at 12:05 on 5/5/25 by my consultant, discarding argento which "non si usa";
  9. Czech for the Czech republic, dated 11/4/25 11:04-13:34, an actual Sapphic stanza; that's talking about version 1; then on 31/12/25 I asked Quoran L.M. to comment on it, and he pointed out problems, so while responding I think of «Hvězdy kol Měsíca», at Idk what time before 11:40, and at 12:05 I complete the line, completing a complete remake by 12:14: thus, version 2;
  10. Slovak for Slovakia, dated 24/4/25 16:21-17:20, another actual Sapphic stanza; I hoped to quickly Slovakify the Czech, but no luck, kolem -> okolo just didn't fit the meter, and měsíc becoming mesiac too, and more such changes;
  11. Central Bavarian, taken from the Italian dialects project, where it is dated to 10/5/25 1:43:>30;
  12. BCMS (Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian) for one of the four countries, still have to figure those out; it came in its original form completely out of the blue 4/6/25 21:09/10, then I tried to make it metrical as per version Metrical-1 10/6/25 23:42 - 11/6/25 0:54, but several errors were in there; lots of back and forth with the author of the original version, namely Transatlantic on Quora, led to versions Metrical-2 and Metrical-3 at 12:52:48 on that same 11/6, and eventually, with more interactions, I got to the final version at 18:37:36 on the same day, which unfortunately «doesn't read like good poetry in Croatian. For several reasons: The filler words (sve, tu, našu) sound a lot of like pop or rock song writing from the 60s to the 90s, where they often used to add words just because they needed an extra syllable. Also, the non-canonical word order sounds unnecessarily perturbed (just to shoehorn the words into the desirec metre)», according to Transatlantic, but then again, I need something to sing to the tune;
  13. Portuguese for Portugal, made specifically to pair it with Spanish and have something to pair with BCMS when adding it here, i.e. made 12/6/25 16:16-16:19. Again, tried to Portuguesify the Spanish, ended up stuck at "cercano" :). I sent it to an Angolan friend, JCL, who sent the homonymous version at 7:42 on 6/4/26. Of course that was heavily unmetrical, so I tried to tweak my version to compromise, and ended up with the Final version, to which he had nothing to say. Not sure why I kept "toda a sua luz" when I was doing "com sua luz", for consistency I dropped the "a" at 16:53:1x on 22/5/26 as I implemented this stuff here.
    And then, after the "corrections" (he wasn't correcting me, just translating the beautiful poem into refined Portuguese) to Vossa sou, I asked MH for comments to this translation, and boom, Pandora's box opened :).
    First and foremost, in a long comment from betw. 11:48 and 11:50 on 18/5/26, he points out the Brazilian lack of articles, stating Portugal Portuguese would go «Cada estrela esconde toda a sua luz» and «quando com a sua luz prateada ela / enche a Terra», and expressing confusion about l. 2. So I look up "cerca" and whoops, it is not a preposition; the preposition I'm looking for is "perto"; thus, at 12:28 or 12:29, I reply with version aMH1. This stands for "ad MH", sent to MH (whether via DMs or via comments) or assembled from suggestions sent to him, vs. just MH which are the ones sent by him or put together from his suggestions. The actual aMH1 had "Las estrelas toda a sua luz esconden", which I fixed below. Also, prateado is pronounced pratjado in Portugal, making aMH1 inmetrical as l. 3 is one syllable short. But I've only realized this on 22/5/26 as I put this here at 0:45.
    His next comment states this new l. 2 is "perfect, gorgeous", and proposes MH1 and MH2 as "300% spotless". Unfortunately, neither is metrical: MH1 has the prateado problem, MH2 lucks out of it but has l. 1 inmetrical because the inversion of object and verb doesn't work in the plural. That comment is from 12:40.
    After I point out, within 12:47, that «It's not the stars that fill the earth with silver light, it's the moon. Ela is a luna, not cada estrela», he fixes MH2 to MH2b, noting that «“e quando” from the 2nd to the 3rd verses makes it perfectly clear that the Moon is emitting the light», sometime between 12:48 and 12:50.
    I then try to be more literal with aMH2 aMH3 aMH4, where I first make ll. 1-2 very literal, and then fix the ending to recover the μάλιστα. This happens in a comment from between 12:1 and 12:43, edited at 12:46-12:47 to add aMH3-4.
    His next comment, from somewhere between 13:01 and 13:03, proposes MH3 and MH4, noting that «“cara” immediately references a person’s face/the anatomical human face».
    I then play around with those suggestions, producing the incipits of aMH5 and aMH6 at 13:13 and 13:15 respectively. Given that timestamping comments is a fool's errand while DMs are automatically timestamped, I write a long sum-up message at 18:15:44. In doing so, I try to avoid that verb-object inversion. At 18:01, I think of «’Scondem outra vez seus brilhantes rostos», which is a Brazilian-Portugal mix ('Sconde is Portugal, seus without os is Brazilian), so nope. Passing through «’Sconde do seu rosto outra vez a luz» (18:04) and «’Sconde do seu rosto de novo a luz» (18:05), I get to aMH7 at 18:06. As for the plural version, I try to go Brazilian on it, doing first «Os brilhantes rostos de novo escondem» (18:08), with the inversion, hoping Brazilian finds it OK, and then get aMH8 at 18:10. I also mention to him all the "Stars and the moon" projects, and the Portuguese-Spanish anthology I have in mind to do. I actually have Portuguese-Romanian-Bulgarian-Aquilano in mind, but maybe let's make that simpler since I need to do Spanish anyway for a larger anthology modeled on this German one.
    We now transition into the night, thus 19/5/26. At 0:30, when he's finally home and can work on his computer, using his funky sleep schedule as an opportunity (he's about as funky as me with his sleep schedule it seems :) ), he replies, proposing MH5 which is aMH7 plus an "a luz do rosto" line singularized from aMH6. In my 2:57 reply, I propose aMH9, which is MH5 with "a luz do seu rosto" instead of "a luz do rosto", and aMH6 again, but with the option "dos rostos". The idea is to perhaps use the latter for Brazil in the Soouth America project, and the former for this project.
    And then he sees the English below, the second version, and at 2:59 the next night (20/5) he comments «This is a beautiful piece of text. The Portuguese you have there on your blog (for this fragment) is sheer mediocrity, which you already knew, or suspected, probably. What we’ve (you have) written yesterday is language-wise spotless, namely, both singular and plural. From a translator online, he comes to the following English from the Greek: «The stars around the bright moon / Hide away their shining face(s), / Whenever, at her fullest, / She illuminates the earth with silver», producing MH6 from there.
    I reply at 4:34 with a literal English: «The stars around the beautiful moon / Once again hide (their) luminous form / When, full, (she) more than anything (or more than ever, μάλιστα is ambiguous like that) enlightens, / Silvery, the Earth», and aMH10, the consequent literal Portuguese, plus aMH11, an incomplete attempt at being inspired by his MH6, and aMH12 and aMH13, which are completions of that, the latter one picking the "do" back up which I dropped in the former's "Mais de qualquer cosa".
    In his next message, at 12:40 or 12:41 the next day (20/5), he sends aMH13, aMH10 with "mais do que nunca" chosen, and MH7. This message is probably also the only case of "400%" amidst quite the number of "300%" :).
    I reply in two parts by accident. The accidental first part, from 16:48, dissects the inmetricalities of MH7, and proposes an initial fix «Quando ela, cheia, ilumina a Terra e a / Deixa só em prata». While making my 17:15:04 second part of the reply, I suggest to just move só to l. 4, and then to do as just said. While I write, I send to myself «Outra vez escondem a luz do aspecto» (17:02), «O brilhante aspecto outra vez escondem» (17:02), «Esse aspecto outrora brilhante escondem» (17:05), «… a Terra e / Deixa-a só em prata.» (17:06), «Mira! Junto à Lua outra vez as ‘strelas» (17:11, I wonder if I had Elbano in mind here, or if Mira is just because Spanish), and «Novamente em torno da Lua as ‘strelas» (17:12). The reply then stitches these bits together into aMH14 and aMH15. But that plural still has the inversion!
    And indeed, in his reply at 0:11 on 21/5/26, he chastises it. He starts by approving the Deixa-a fix (a deixa -> Deixa-a), saying «The “só” wasn’t actually needed; “e deixa a Terra em prata” would have been fine/lovely. I added it because I though it needed an extra syllable, lol. However, the cosmic energies at work: the “só” in “deixa-a só em prata” doesn’t mean the same as (in) “… e deixa só a Terra em prata.” Your “só” works as the silverness entirely covering the Earth, which is very pretty, while the “só” in mine means “only” and doesn’t add (nor subtract much) to the meaning», and coming to ll. 1-2, «But the first two are not [semantically perfect and gracious]. It’s not only unnatural (Portuguese) but it has no discernible meaning, because of “brilhante escondem” — it doesn’t work». He proposes vê instead of "inescapably Spanish"-sounding Mira, and puts together MH8 MH9 MH10, all three of which come from a Frankenstein stitching of options that loses the escondem. «This last one reads/feels like a Quinhentista poem». [Whoops! MH8 = MH9, so I'm just skipping MH9 below :).]
    I then reply at 0:44, again on 21/5/26, with aMH16, noting the terrible o-aspecto hiatus, the probably even worse synaeresis o seu-aspecto, which isn't in aMH16, and that putting outrora before brilhante produces an anaclasis. Also, «Btw, does the outrora imply the stars no longer shine? Because the idea is that the moon shines brighter than them all, not that they stop shining. The poem probably went on to compare the moon to a woman and the stars to the others, saying that woman X outshines the others in beauty, i.e. is more beautiful than them all, much like what is seen in fr. 1 of the anthology» (that being Arignota). Since his message says «Do not change the last two. They’re absolute perfection», I don't even include them in mine.
    He replies between 0:54 and 0:56, chastizing the "brilhante outrora" («[Your proposals for l. 2] don’t work, again, because of “brilhante outrora” — no adverb can follow “brilhante.”»), and noting «No, it doesn’t imply the stars no longer shine», because, as he says in the second part of his entry (he also fell victim to an early Enter press, and his second part of reply is from the same timeframe), the tão and escondem together imply something of diminishing intensity, not something that stopped shining.
    He then comes back between 2:29 and 2:31 with MH11 as I'm editing the third Sappho Direct Tradition video for "I truly wish I were dead", and I reply between 3:01 and 3:03 with the l. 2 options of aMH17, which I have below implemented into aMH16.
    He comes back with MH12 at 3:24 (well the first half anyway, the second half is fixed by now), also saying he wanted quão in there but couldn't figure out how. At 11:48 next morning (so it's 21/5 now), he says «'Scondem o brilhante da sua luz is spotless but leaves “again” out [once again hide (their) luminous form], but as far as the stars and shadowing/obscuration go, it’s the closest to the original». Not really. That's the result of looking only at single lines. The "again" is in l. 1 of aMH17. We have, however, lost the bela, I point out in my 13:07:52 reply. Thus, aMH18, where l. 1 changes because the first form «causes -la_ou- to be a single syllable, which is a bit forced», and as for l. 2, «Of the two l. 2 options, I’d tend to prefer the first one, as the second one leaves luz as two notes long which isn’t particularly nice. However, leaving ‘scondem on two weak beats of the tune is also not great. Perhaps «O brilhante da sua luz escondem»? That does force pronouncing the e- though, so maybe «O brilhante da sua luz ocultam»?». I also ask him what quão use he had in mind at 13:09:44.
    His reply at 13:32 or 13:33 curiously approves the inverted ocultam version (I guess the culprit wasn't the inversion but escondem?), and concludes with «“Quão brilhante” is what I wanted(it’s the most natural, but I couldn’t see where “escondem” would fit, and I also had “aspecto” in mind; I didn’t want to let go of “aspecto” (last night)».
    I set myself to work on that, and at 14:21:04 I send the starts of aMH19 and aMH20 (the endings are, of course, the usual second half that is by now fixed), and produce the start of aMH21 at 14:26:24. These all work, says he, but faz would be preferable. Faz esconder (an 18:52 idea) would force the e- to be pronounced, which is not Portugal Portuguese. I think I'll keep the deixa.
    However, as I put this here on 22/5, I try to sing it, and that synaeresis with só-em does not come natural. At 2:41, I consider «Deixa-a na/de prata», then at 2:43, also partly convinced by Google text to speech, I decide to just drop the só and keep the hiatus. Thus, we have the final (hopefully) version.
  14. Latin for the Vatican, also found here; we have the high school Latin, «Within 22/5/10, twk. betw. 26/7/10 and 16/8/10 | SP1 residue tweaked in S5»; the right-hand improvement at Sparse translations of Sappho into "unconventional" languages, dated 3/5/25 13:01-13:02; and the l. 2 from 16:38-16:39 on 7/9/25, which places the translation here;
  15. Italian, version 3 from the edition, for San Marino, again to avoid duplicates; dated to 1:09 on 3/9/25, where the choice of last line that discarded «Piena, argentata» was made at 21:11 on 6/9/25; thought of trying a San Marino Romagnol version, but the Fb group for S.M. doesn't respond, and I don't know that variety of Romagnol; the change from Ella to S'ella is from 31/12/25 3:10;
  16. Turkish for Cyprus; this started 7/11/25 21:31-21:37, producing «Oh! Yıldızlar, bak, ışıklarını / Saklıyorlar ayın etrafında», which has both lines one syllable short; I abandon it because I'm in the middle of a video and can't listen to Google for stress placements; I come back to it on 20/12/25, producing, with a bunch of work, «Bak! Güzel ayın çevresinde tekrar / Yıldızlar ışığını saklıyorlar» as a first half at 14:46-15:28; not sure why I decide to try «Bak! Güzel ayın çevresinde tekrar / Yıldızlar <x> gizleniyorlar eğer» at 15:50, after thinking a bunch; eventually, since that form is an adonian on its own, I decide to switch halves, getting «Yıldızlar ışıltılarıyla tekrar / GizleniyorlarÆ at 16:15 for the second half of the Turkish, which matches the first one of the original; as for the other half, I already had dolunay for the full moon, and add Simli to it at 16:18, then I keep going and complete the half at 16:47;
  17. Romanian for Romania and Moldova, done by me 14/11/25 21:53-22:11 and approved by a consultant on 19/12/25;
  18. Bulgarian for Bulgaria, done by me 14/11/25 22:14-22:35 and approved by a consultant;
  19. Macedonian for North Macedonia, which I hoped would be an easy fix from Bulgarian, but besides осветява->осветлува (14/11/25 22:44 as the only thing needing a fix according to Google Translate) I had to remake basically everything 18/11/25 16:18-16:43;
  20. Russian for Russia, done 17/11/25 20:13-20:35 in original version and sent as such to AG; he replies 11/12/25 0:47, fixing све to все and опе́т to опят́ь, and pointing out и́хний is colloquial; I of course accept the first two as such, but их leaves a one-syllable gap, so I ask for help at 1:35; at 9:00 he notes скрыва́ю should be скрыва́ют to be plural, and свой is more appropriate, being the reflexive possessive; with that, he suggests Свой блестящий облик or Свой облик блестящий, and since it's о́блик I choose the former at 9:13; in the same 9:00 message he also points out Russian is not pro-drop, so I need an она́ in the second half, and suggests changing краси́вой to прекра́сной; to add that pronoun, I try Если͜ она́ мир све́том <u-u>, по́лна- / я͜ и серебри͜стая, with the gap being thought of as a "fills" or "inundates"; in an 11:00 recap, I then send the two modified versions below, with the note that I am unable to fill that gap;
    11/12/25 23:37 he suggests using серебри́ть and omitting свет, and at 23:43 he suggests по́лниться and warns agains the synalephe I'm making in l. 4, thus disqualifying the Если version; from there, I suggest the Modified 3 version at 1:36 the following night, which at 3:45 is rejected because even as са́мая я́сная (can't use the short form jasna there) it wouldn't work; 4:22 I ask for clarification, and 4:32 he replies the short form is mostly used predicatively, and the appropriate elative is прея́сная, whence, at 9:00, I come up with Modified 4, the final version for now, which is pending approval;
  21. Finnish for Finland, done 18/11/25 21:31-21:57 in original form and posted as such on Quora; JV then gives a first batch of comments 25/11/25 15:42, from which I get the final form of lines 1 and 3-4 at 15:58 and an attempt at l. 2 «Tähti kätkee –u valonsa kirkkaan» at 16:03; JV then suggests kaikki valonsa kirkkaat at 16:28, so that's that;
  22. Catalan for Andorra, done 19/11/25 20:54-21:10;
  23. Romansh for Switzerland, done 19/11/25 21:12-21:32;
  24. Dutch for the Netherlands and Belgium, done 23/11/25 18:47-19:08 and approved with a spello fix (schoone->schone) later that evening;
  25. Polish for Poland, done 23/11/25 19:12-19:28;
  26. Slovene for Slovenia, done 7/12/25 15:04-15:32 and approved by A.G.;
  27. Danish for Denmark, done 22/12/25 21:58-22:30 with tweaks 23/12/25 13:39 and 21:38;
  28. Swedish for Sweden, done 22/12/25 22/12/25 22:31-22:47 basically Swedifying the Danish;
  29. Nynorsk for Norway, done 23/12/25 13:35-13:53 basically Nynorskizing the Danish;
  30. Gheg Albanian for Kosovo, done 23/12/25 20:43-21:12 and pending "small corrections" from G.S.;
  31. Icelandic for Iceland, done 23/12/25 21:56-22:29;
  32. Luxembourgish* for Luxembourg, done with great difficulty 3/1/25 22:14-23:39; the last line is not convincing, but neither are «Eis jo beléift Welt» and «Eis generéis Welt», while «Eis erstaunt Welt» and «Eis léift grouss Welt» are cheating, and the latter one in two ways, as we split a diphthong AND go against the meter anyway getting –u– – –;
The plan is to do (* means version entirely missing):
  1. Icelandic for Iceland;
  2. Irish* for Ireland;
  3. English, Welsh*, Scottish Gaelic*, and Saint* for the UK;
  4. Portuguese for Portugal;
  5. Spanish for Spain;
  6. Catalan for Andorra;
  7. Italian for Italy;
  8. Latin for the Vatican;
  9. Other Italian for San Marino;
  10. French and Italian for Monaco;
  11. French for France;
  12. Romansh for Switzerland, maybe with double voices for the other three official languages;
  13. German for Liechtenstein;
  14. Luxembourgish* for Luxembourg;
  15. French and Dutch for Belgium;
  16. Dutch and one Frisian* for the Netherlands;
  17. German and Upper Sorbian* for Germany;
  18. Danish and Faroese* for Denmark;
  19. Nynorsk for Norway;
  20. Swedish for Sweden;
  21. Finnish for Finland;
  22. Estonian* for Estonia;
  23. Latvian* for Latvia;
  24. Lithuanian* for Lithuania;
  25. Polish for Poland;
  26. Slovak for Slovakia;
  27. Czech for the Czech republic;
  28. German and Central Bavarian for Austria;
  29. Serbo-Croatian and Ruthenian* for Croatia;
  30. Serbo-Croatian and English for Bosnia and Herzegovina (Dayton Agreement);
  31. Serbo-Croatian and Gheg Albanian for Montenegro;
  32. Albanian for Albania;
  33. Modern Greek for Greece;
  34. Cypriot Greek* and Turkish for Cyprus;
  35. Maltese* for Malta;
  36. Gheg Albanian for Kosovo;
  37. Macedonian for North Macedonia;
  38. Bulgarian for Bulgaria;
  39. Serbo-Croatian and Rusyn for Serbia;
  40. Hungarian for Hungary;
  41. Romanian for Romania;
  42. Romanian, Ukrainian* and Russian for Moldova;
  43. Ukrainian* for Ukraine;
  44. Belarusian* for Belarus;
  45. Russian for Russia.
As you can see, still a long way to go.

Greek original:

Ἄστερες μὲν ἀμφὶ κάλαν σελάνναν
Ἂψ ἀπυκρύπτοισι φάεννον εἶδος,
Ὄπποτα πλήθοισα μάλιστα λάμπῃ
ἀργυρία γᾶν.



Irish for Ireland:

Ἄστερες μὲν ἀμφὶ κάλαν σελάνναν
Ἂψ ἀπυκρύπτοισι φάεννον εἶδος,
Ὄπποτα πλήθοισα μάλιστα λάμπῃ
ἀργυρία γᾶν.



Scottish Gaelic for the UK:

Ἄστερες μὲν ἀμφὶ κάλαν σελάνναν
Ἂψ ἀπυκρύπτοισι φάεννον εἶδος,
Ὄπποτα πλήθοισα μάλιστα λάμπῃ
ἀργυρία γᾶν.























Saint for the UK:

Ἄστερες μὲν ἀμφὶ κάλαν σελάνναν
Ἂψ ἀπυκρύπτοισι φάεννον εἶδος,
Ὄπποτα πλήθοισα μάλιστα λάμπῃ
ἀργυρία γᾶν.



Spanish for Spain:

Cada estrella toda su luz esconde
Si la linda luna le está cercana,
Llena, mientras que todo el mundo llena
Con luz de plata.



Italian for Italy and Monaco:

Nuovamente intorno alla bella luna
La brillante faccia le stelle ascondon
Or che piena argentea più che mai ri-
splende sul mondo.



Italian for San Marino:

Nuovamente celan la loro luce
Or le stelle intorno alla bella luna,
S'ella più che mai sulla Terra splende,
Piena e d'argento.



Romansh for Switzerland:

Oh! Las stailas zuppan puspè la fatscha
Lur de glitsch enturn a la bella glina
Cu, paschaivla e tuta d'argent, traglischa
Sur el noss mund.



Luxembourgish for Luxembourg:

Verstoppen - kuck! - d'Stären erëm 'lo hiert Liicht
Ronderëm de' Mound well erëm de Vollmound,
Schéine', fëllt mat sëlweregem hellem Liicht
Eis oh jo léift.



Some Frisian for the Netherlands:

Ἄστερες μὲν ἀμφὶ κάλαν σελάνναν
Ἂψ ἀπυκρύπτοισι φάεννον εἶδος,
Ὄπποτα πλήθοισα μάλιστα λάμπῃ
ἀργυρία γᾶν.



Danish for Denmark:

Stjernerne nu rundtom den smukke/skønne måne
Gemmer lyset klart deres en anden gang, mens,
Fuld og sølvrig, den over verden skinner,
Lysest på himlen.



Nynorsk for Norway:

Stjernene no rundt om den vakre månen
Gøymer ljoset klart sit en annen gong, då,
Full og sølvrig, den, over verda skin, på
Himmelen ljosaste.
Finnish for Finland:

Ympärilleen Kuun upean jokainen
Tähti kirkkaan kaikki valonsa kätkee
Kun, hopeinen, Maan yli täysikuun kirk-
kaasti helotti.
Finnish for Finland:

Ympärille Kuun upean jokainen
Tähti kätkee kaikki valonsa kirkkaat
Täysikuu kun Maan yli kuin hope͜a kirk-
kaasti kumottaa.



Latvian for Latvia:

Ἄστερες μὲν ἀμφὶ κάλαν σελάνναν
Ἂψ ἀπυκρύπτοισι φάεννον εἶδος,
Ὄπποτα πλήθοισα μάλιστα λάμπῃ
ἀργυρία γᾶν.



Polish for Poland:

Gwiazdy wokół pięknej księżyca znowu
Wygląd ich błyszczący chowają wszystek;
Ona, pełna i srebrna, nad świecie świeci
Bardziej niž wszystko.



Slovak for Slovakia:

Hľa, schovávajú všetok jas teraz svoj
Hviezdy blízko splnu zatiaľ čo, krásny
I streborný, on naplni svet, ó, svo-
jím svetlom jasným.
Central Bavarian for Austria:

Rings um’ scheanan Mond, då vadecken freili
Stean um Stean ia glänzentigs Gsichtej, während
Söwa, voj, in Glånz, den ma sischt nit wåanimp,
Ea auf die Erd’ scheid.
Central Bavarian for Austria:

riŋs umː ʃɛ̃a̯nɐn Moːnd dɔ fɐdekn̩ frai̯li
ʃtɛ̃a̯n um ʃtɛ̃a̯n iɐ̯ glɛnʦɛntigs gsiçtɛi̯ vɛrend
søːva voi̯ in glɔnʦ den ma siʃt nit vɔɐ̯nimp
ɛɐ̯ au̯f di ɛɐ̯d ʃãi̯d.
Central Bavarian for Austria:

Around the beautiful moon, lo, there certainly hides
Star after star its shining little face, as
Itself, full, in a splendor that one doesn't feel otherwise,
It shines over the Earth.



Ruthenian (Cyrillic) for Croatia:

Ἄστερες μὲν ἀμφὶ κάλαν σελάνναν
Ἂψ ἀπυκρύπτοισι φάεννον εἶδος,
Ὄπποτα πλήθοισα μάλιστα λάμπῃ
ἀργυρία γᾶν.
BCMS (Cyrillic) for Croatia, Bosnia&H, Montenegro, Serbia:

Около дивнога мјесеца звијезде
Изнова скрију светлуцав свој лик
Када год он пун понајјаче сја
Свуд по землји посребреној.
BCMS (Cyrillic) for Croatia, Bosnia&H, Montenegro, Serbia:

Све звијезде мјесеце близу красног
Светлуцав свој лик крију͜ опет, кад он, пун
И сребрен, ту землју попливи ража-
ма светлости свог.
BCMS (Cyrillic) for Croatia, Bosnia&H, Montenegro, Serbia:

Све звијезде у близини мјесеца
Красонга свој светло опет крију све
Кад, пун и сребрен, попуни светла зра-
ком нашу землју.
BCMS (Cyrillic) for Croatia, Bosnia&H, Montenegro, Serbia:

Све звијезде у близини мјесеца
Красонга свој светло опет крију све
Кад, пун и сребрен, пуни он светла зра-
ком нашу землју.
BCMS (Cyrillic) for Croatia, Bosnia&H, Montenegro, Serbia:

Све звијезде у близини мјесеца
Красонга свој светло опет крију све
Кад, пун, он сребра зракама преплави
Ту нашу землју.
Albanian for Albania:

Yjet t' gjith' përreth hënës shum' së bukur
Prap' tani fytyrën të ndritsh'm e fshehin,
Ësht' e plot' ajo, edhe Tok'n e mbush me
Rreze t' argjendtë.
Albanian for Albania:

Gjitha yjet perreth henes shum te bukura
Akoma tani fshehin fytyren e ndritshme,
Ajo eshte e plote e toka mbush
me rrezet e argjente.
Albanian for Albania:

Yjët k'tu rreth hënës së bukura, shoh,
Fshehin përsëri gjithë(?) drit'n e tyre
Kur ajo, e plote, me argjendin e saj
Mbush këtë Tokën.
Albanian for Albania:

Gjitha yjët rreth hënës shum' së bukura
Përsëri, shoh, dritën e tyre e fshehin
Kur ajo, e plote, me argjendin e saj
Mbush këtë Tokën.



Cypriot Greek for Cyprus:

Ἄστερες μὲν ἀμφὶ κάλαν σελάνναν
Ἂψ ἀπυκρύπτοισι φάεννον εἶδος,
Ὄπποτα πλήθοισα μάλιστα λάμπῃ
ἀργυρία γᾶν.



Maltese for Malta:

Ἄστερες μὲν ἀμφὶ κάλαν σελάνναν
Ἂψ ἀπυκρύπτοισι φάεννον εἶδος,
Ὄπποτα πλήθοισα μάλιστα λάμπῃ
ἀργυρία γᾶν.



Macedonian (Cyrillic) for North Macedonia:

О́колу убава́та месе́чина, знај,
Κри́јат по́вторно светлина́та(?) ни́вна
По́веќе од се́што, осветлу́ва таа све-
то́т, по́лна и сре́брена.



Bulgarian (Cyrillic) for Bulgaria:

О́коло краси́вата Лу́на, гле́дай,
Светлина́та им вси́чки зве́зди кри́ят
По́вече от вси́чко, света́͜ осветя́ва,
Пъ́лна и сребри́ста.



Rusyn (Cyrillic) for Serbia:

Ἄστερες μὲν ἀμφὶ κάλαν σελάνναν
Ἂψ ἀπυκρύπτοισι φάεννον εἶδος,
Ὄπποτα πλήθοισα μάλιστα λάμπῃ
ἀργυρία γᾶν.



Hungarian:

Újra minden csillag a Hold körül most
Rejti fényét míg a csodálatos Hold
Á, telik megtölti ezüsttel ezt a
Földet az égről.



Ukrainian (Cyrillic) for Moldova and Ukraine:

Ἄστερες μὲν ἀμφὶ κάλαν σελάνναν
Ἂψ ἀπυκρύπτοισι φάεννον εἶδος,
Ὄπποτα πλήθοισα μάλιστα λάμπῃ
ἀργυρία γᾶν.



Belarusian (Cyrillic) for Belarus:

Ἄστερες μὲν ἀμφὶ κάλαν σελάνναν
Ἂψ ἀπυκρύπτοισι φάεννον εἶδος,
Ὄπποτα πλήθοισα μάλιστα λάμπῃ
ἀργυρία γᾶν.
Russian (Cyrillic) for Moldova and Russia:

Ах/Знай! Вокру́г краси́вой луны́ све звёзды
Вид блестя́щий и́хний опе́т скрыва́ю
Е́сли све́том мир залива́ет, по́лна-
я͜ и серебри́стая.
Russian (Cyrillic) for Moldova and Russia:

Ах/Знай! Вокру́г прекра́сной луны́ все звёзды
Свой блестя́щий о́блик опя́ть скрыва́ют
Е́сли она́ мир све́том <u–u>, по́лна-
я͜ и серебри́стая.
Russian (Cyrillic) for Moldova and Russia:

Ах/Знай! Вокру́г прекра́сной луны́ все звёзды
Свой блестя́щий о́блик опя́ть скрыва́ют;
Све́том мир она́ залива́ет, по́лна-
я͜ и серебри́стая.
Russian (Cyrillic) for Moldova and Russia:

Ах/Знай! Вокру́г прекра́сной луны́ все звёзды
Свой блестя́щий о́блик опя́ть скрыва́ют;
По́лная и са́мая я́сна сере-
брит она́ мир/зе́млю.
Russian (Cyrillic) for Moldova and Russia:

Ах/Знай! Вокру́г прекра́сной луны́ все звёзды
Свой блестя́щий о́блик опя́ть скрыва́ют;
По́лная, прея́сная, серебри́т о-
на́ на́шу зе́млю.
Icelandic for Iceland:

Stjörnurnar um fallega tunglið fela
Aftur þeirra glansandi útlitið, á
Meðan, fullt og silfurlitað, það glansar,
Bjartast, of heiminn.
English for the UK and Bosnia and Herzegovina:

All around the beautiful moon, the stars
Once again their bright shining faces hide
As it, full and silver, more than them all
Lights up the Earth.
English for the UK and Bosnia and Herzegovina:

When the wondrous full moon sparkles with silver
Up above this Earth, nothing else is brighter;
All the stars around it once more then hide their
Bright shiny faces.



Welsh for the UK:

Ἄστερες μὲν ἀμφὶ κάλαν σελάνναν
Ἂψ ἀπυκρύπτοισι φάεννον εἶδος,
Ὄπποτα πλήθοισα μάλιστα λάμπῃ
ἀργυρία γᾶν.
Portuguese for Portugal:

Cada estrela toda a sua luz esconde
Se está cerca da bela luna cheia
Quando ca sua luz prateada ela
Enche a Terra.
Portuguese for Portugal:

Cada estrela, toda a sua luz esconde
Rodeada da beleza da lua cheia 🌕
E com a sua luz prateada ela
Enche a 🌎 Terra.
Portuguese for Portugal:

Cada estrela toda sua luz esconde
Se está cerca da bela lua cheia
Quando com sua luz prateada ela
Enche a Terra.
Portuguese for Portugal:

As estrelas toda a sua luz escondem
Se estão perto da bela lua cheia
E com a sua luz prateada ela
Enche a Terra.
Portuguese for Portugal:

Cada estrela toda a sua luz esconde
Se está perto da bela lua cheia
Quando com a sua luz prateada ela
Enche a Terra.
Portuguese for Portugal:

As estrelas escondem toda a sua luz
Se estão perto da bela lua cheia
E com as suas luzes prateadas elas
Enchem a Terra.
Portuguese for Portugal:

As estrelas escondem toda a sua luz
Se estão perto da bela lua cheia
E quando com a sua luz prateada ela
Enche a Terra.
Portuguese for Portugal:

As estrelas perto da bela lua
O brilhante rosto / A brilhante cara outra vez escondem
Quando, cheia, enche a Terra da sua
Luz prateada.
Portuguese for Portugal:

As estrelas perto da bela lua
O brilhante rosto / A brilhante cara outra vez escondem
Quando, cheia, mais do que nunca enche a
Terra de prata.
Portuguese for Portugal:

As estrelas perto da bela lua
O brilhante rosto / A brilhante cara outra vez escondem
Quando, cheia, enche de prata a terra
Mais do que nunca.
Portuguese for Portugal:

As estrelas perto da bela lua
Escondem os seus rostos brilhantes
Quando, cheia, enche a Terra com a sua
Luz prateada.
Portuguese for Portugal:

Toda a estrela perto da bela Lua
o seu rosto brilhante esconde
Quando, cheia, mais do que nunca enche a
Terra de prata.
Portuguese for Portugal:

Toda a estrela perto da bela lua
Novamente esconde o brilhante rosto
Quando, cheia, enche de prata a Terra
Mais do que nunca.
Portuguese for Portugal:

As estrelas perto da bela lua
Novamente escondem a luz do rosto
Quando, cheia, enche de prata a Terra
Mais do que nunca.
Portuguese for Portugal:

Toda a ‘strela perto da bela lua
’Sconde do seu rosto a luz novamente
Quando, cheia, enche de prata a Terra
Mais do que nunca.
Portuguese for Portugal:

As estrelas perto da bela lua
Seus brilhantes rostos de novo escondem
Quando, cheia, enche de prata a Terra
Mais do que nunca.
Portuguese for Portugal:

Toda a estrela perto da bela lua
Novamente esconde a luz do rosto
Quando, cheia, enche de prata a Terra
Mais do que nunca.
Portuguese for Portugal:

Toda a ‘strela perto da bela lua
Novamente ‘sconde a luz do seu rosto
Quando, cheia, enche de prata a Terra
Mais do que nunca.
Portuguese for Portugal:

As estrelas junto à Lua
Escondem a luz do seu rosto
Sempre que bela, cheia
Ilumina a Terra de prata
Portuguese for Portugal:

As estrelas em torno da bela lua
Novamente escondem o aspecto brilhante
Quando, cheia, mais do que nunca / mais do que qualquer outra coisa ilumina,
Prateada, a Terra.
Portuguese for Portugal:

Junto à Lua ‘scondem a luz do rosto
As estrelas <7 syllables missing from the line> OR Novamente as ‘strelas <5 syllables>
Sempre que de prata ilumina a Terra,
Cheia e tão bela.
Portuguese for Portugal:

Junto à Lua ‘scondem a luz do rosto
As estrelas sempre que, cheia e bela,
Mais que qualquer coisa de prata a Terra
Ela ilumina.
Portuguese for Portugal:

Junto à Lua ‘scondem a luz do rosto
As estrelas sempre que, cheia e bela,
Da sua prata ela ilumina a Terra
Mais do que nunca.
Portuguese for Portugal:

Junto à Lua escondem as estrelas
O seu aspecto outrora tão brilhante
Quando ela, cheia, ilumina e deixa só
A Terra em prata.
Portuguese for Portugal:

Mira! Junto à Lua outra vez as ‘strelas
Outra vez escondem a luz do aspecto
Quando ela, cheia, ilumina a Terra e
Deixa-a só em prata.
Portuguese for Portugal:

Novamente em torno da Lua as ‘strelas
Esse aspecto outrora brilhante escondem
Quando ela, cheia, ilumina a Terra e
Deixa-a só em prata.
Portuguese for Portugal:

Vê! Junto à Lua outra vez as 'strelas
O seu aspecto outrora tão brilhante
Quando ela, cheia, ilumina a Terra e
Deixa-a só em prata.
Portuguese for Portugal:

O seu aspecto outrora tão brilhante
Vê! Junto à Lua outra vez as 'strelas
Quando ela, cheia, ilumina a Terra e
Deixa-a só em prata.
Portuguese for Portugal:

Junto à Lua - vê! - outra vez as ‘strelas.
‘scondem esse/o aspecto brilhante outrora
Quando ela, cheia, ilumina a Terra e
Deixa-a só em prata.
Portuguese for Portugal:

Vê! Junto à Lua outra vez as 'strelas
Desta sua luz escondem/ocultam o brilhante
Quando ela, cheia, ilumina a Terra e
Deixa-a só em prata.
Portuguese for Portugal:

Junto à Lua - vê! - outra vez as ‘strelas.
‘scondem o brilhante da sua luz / Desta sua luz escondem o brilhante
Quando ela, cheia, ilumina a Terra e
Deixa-a só em prata.
Portuguese for Portugal:

Vê! Junto à Lua outra vez as 'strelas
Lá, de novo ocultam sua forma luminosa
Quando ela, cheia, ilumina a Terra e
Deixa-a só em prata.
Portuguese for Portugal:

Junto à Lua bela outra vez as ‘strelas -> Junto à Lua bela de novo as ‘strelas
O brilhante da sua luz escondem -> O brilhante da sua luz ocultam
Quando ela, cheia, ilumina a Terra e
Deixa-a só em prata.
Portuguese for Portugal:

Quão brilhante é a luz das estrelas, que elas
‘Scondem outra vez junto à bela Lua
Quando ela, cheia, ilumina a Terra e
Deixa-a só em prata.
Portuguese for Portugal:

Quão brilhante é a luz das estrelas! E elas
Junto à bela Lua novamente / de novo a ‘scondem
Quando ela, cheia, ilumina a Terra e
Deixa-a só em prata.
Portuguese for Portugal:

Quão brilhante é o rosto da Lua bela
Que de novo deixa ‘sconder as ‘strelas / faz ocultar as 'strelas
Quando ela, cheia, ilumina a Terra e
Deixa-a só em prata.
Portuguese for Portugal:

Quão brilhante é o rosto da Lua bela
Que de novo deixa ‘sconder as ‘strelas
Quando ela, cheia, ilumina a Terra e
Deixa-a em prata.



Catalan for Andorra:

Al voltant de la bella luna amaguen
Les estrelles la seva llum de nou;
Plena e platejada, ella més que res il-
lumina el mont.



Latin for the Vatican:

Asterēs pulchram prope lūnam ipsī
Occulant lūcem facie͞i suæpte;
Plēna, terram lūce potissimē͜ argen-
tōque inundat.



French for France, Monaco, and Belgium:

Les étoiles autour de la lune si belle
Cachent une autre fois leurs radieux visages
Maint'nant qu'elle est pleine et d' rayons d'argent em-
plit toute la terre.



German for Liechtenstein, Germany, and Austria:

Um den schönen Mond ihr Gesicht verdecken
Und ihr Licht noch wieder die Sterne, wie er
Voll und silberfarben, mit Strahlen Lichtes
Füllet die Erde.



Dutch for Belgium and the Netherlands:

Om de schoone maan hun gezicht versteken
Nu de sterren nogmaals, terwijl de volle
Maan met zilver licht onze hele wereld
Vult, helder schijnen.



Upper Sorbian for Germany:

Ἄστερες μὲν ἀμφὶ κάλαν σελάνναν
Ἂψ ἀπυκρύπτοισι φάεννον εἶδος,
Ὄπποτα πλήθοισα μάλιστα λάμπῃ
ἀργυρία γᾶν.



Faroese for Denmark:

Ἄστερες μὲν ἀμφὶ κάλαν σελάνναν
Ἂψ ἀπυκρύπτοισι φάεννον εἶδος,
Ὄπποτα πλήθοισα μάλιστα λάμπῃ
ἀργυρία γᾶν.



Swedish for Sweden:

Stjärnorna nu runt om den sköna månen
Gömmar ljuset klart sitt en annan gång, då,
Full och silvrig, den över världen skiner,
Ljusast på himlen.



Estonian for Estonia:

Ἄστερες μὲν ἀμφὶ κάλαν σελάνναν
Ἂψ ἀπυκρύπτοισι φάεννον εἶδος,
Ὄπποτα πλήθοισα μάλιστα λάμπῃ
ἀργυρία γᾶν.



Lithuanian for Lithuania:

Ἄστερες μὲν ἀμφὶ κάλαν σελάνναν
Ἂψ ἀπυκρύπτοισι φάεννον εἶδος,
Ὄπποτα πλήθοισα μάλιστα λάμπῃ
ἀργυρία γᾶν.



Silesian for Poland:

Ἄστερες μὲν ἀμφὶ κάλαν σελάνναν
Ἂψ ἀπυκρύπτοισι φάεννον εἶδος,
Ὄπποτα πλήθοισα μάλιστα λάμπῃ
ἀργυρία γᾶν.
Czech for the Czech republic:

Hvězdy opět teď všechny kolem měsíce
Své schovávají světlo, teď kdy, krásný,
Úplněk svět náš zaplnit se stříbr-
ným světlem, ó, svým.
Czech for the Czech republic:

Hvězdy kol Měsíce opět světlý svůj
Tvář schovávají, pokud úplněk svět
Stříbrným světlem zaplní, i svítí
V obloze, krásný.



Slovene for Slovenia:

Zvézde znóva ókoli lépe lúne
Skrívajo svoj síjoč obráz ko sije,
Polna in srebŕna, nad Zémljo nášo,
Bolj kot karkóli.



Ruthenian (Latin) for Croatia:

Ἄστερες μὲν ἀμφὶ κάλαν σελάνναν
Ἂψ ἀπυκρύπτοισι φάεννον εἶδος,
Ὄπποτα πλήθοισα μάλιστα λάμπῃ
ἀργυρία γᾶν.
BCMS (Latin) for Croatia, Bosnia&H, Montenegro, Serbia:

Okolo di̱vnoga mjese̱ca zvije̱zde
Iznova skriju svetlucav svo̱j li̱k
Kada god o̱n pun pona̱jjače sja̱
Svud po zemlji posrebrenoj.
BCMS (Latin) for Croatia, Bosnia&H, Montenegro, Serbia:

Sve zvije̱zde mje̱sece bli̱zu kra̱snog
Svetlucav svo̱j li̱k kriju͜ ope̱t, kad o̱n, pun
I srebren, tu/tu̱ zemlju popli̱vi ra̱ža-
ma svetlosti svog.
BCMS (Latin) for Croatia, Bosnia&H, Montenegro, Serbia:

Sve zvije̱zde u blizini mjese̱ca
Kra̱snoga svo̱j svetlo ope̱t kriju sve
Kad, pun i srebren, popuni̱ svetla zra-
kom našu zemlju.
BCMS (Latin) for Croatia, Bosnia&H, Montenegro, Serbia:

Sve zvije̱zde u blizini mjese̱ca
Kra̱snoga svo̱j svetlo ope̱t kriju sve
Kad, pun i srebren, puni o̱n svetla zra-
kom našu zemlju.
BCMS (Latin) for Croatia, Bosnia&H, Montenegro, Serbia:

Sve zvije̱zde u blizini mjese̱ca
Kra̱snoga svoje svetlo͜ ope̱t kriju sve
Kad, pun, o̱n srebra zrakama prepla̱vi̱
Tu̱ našu zemlju.





Modern Greek for Greece:

Γύρω στ' όμορφο το φεγγάρι πάλι
Αποκρύπτουν τ' άστρα το φως των όψεων,
Όταν, αργυρή και γεμάτη, προπαν-
τός στη γη λάμπει.



Turkish for Cyprus:

Simli dolunay her zamankinden çok
Dünyanın üzerinde parladığında
Yıldızlar ışıltılarıyla tekrar
Gizleniyorlar.



Gheg Albanian for Kosovo and Montenegro:

Ujet të tân' rreth hânës shum' së buk'ra,
Shoh, e fshehin prap' drit'n e tyre e tâne
Kur ajo, e plote, me rrgjandin e saj
Mmush ktê Tok'n neve.



Macedonian (Latin) for North Macedonia:

Ókolu ubaváta(?) meséčina, znaj,
Kríjat póvtorno svetlináta(?) nívna.
Póveḱe od séšto, osvetlúva taa sve-
tot, pë́lna i srébrena.



Bulgarian (Latin) for Bulgaria:

Ókolo krasívata lúna, glédaj,
Svetlináta im vsíčki zvézdi kríjat;
Póveče ot vsíčko, svetót osvetjáva,
Pëlna i srebrísta.



Rusyn (Latin) for Serbia:

Ἄστερες μὲν ἀμφὶ κάλαν σελάνναν
Ἂψ ἀπυκρύπτοισι φάεννον εἶδος,
Ὄπποτα πλήθοισα μάλιστα λάμπῃ
ἀργυρία γᾶν.



Romanian for Romania and Moldova:

Stelele în jurul frumoasei lunii
Iar ascund aspectul strălucitor lor;
Plină ș-argintată, iluminează
Lumea mai mult de orice.



Ukrainian (Latin) for Moldova and Ukraine:

Ἄστερες μὲν ἀμφὶ κάλαν σελάνναν
Ἂψ ἀπυκρύπτοισι φάεννον εἶδος,
Ὄπποτα πλήθοισα μάλιστα λάμπῃ
ἀργυρία γᾶν.



Belarusian (Latin) for Belarus:

Ἄστερες μὲν ἀμφὶ κάλαν σελάνναν
Ἂψ ἀπυκρύπτοισι φάεννον εἶδος,
Ὄπποτα πλήθοισα μάλιστα λάμπῃ
ἀργυρία γᾶν.
Russian (Cyrillic) for Moldova and Russia:

Ах/Знай! Вокру́г краси́вой луны́ све звёзды
Вид блестя́щий и́хний опе́т скрыва́ю
Е́сли све́том мир залива́ет, по́лна-
я͜ и серебри́стая.
Russian (Latin) for Moldova and Russia:

Ax/Znaj! Vokrýg krasívoj luný svĵe zvĵózdy
Vid blĵestĵáśij íxnij opĵét skryváĵu
Ĵésli svĵétom mir zaliváĵet, pólna-
ĵa͜ i sĵerĵebrístaĵa.
Russian (Latin) for Moldova and Russia:

Ax/Znaj! Vokrýg prĵekrásnoj luný vsĵe zvĵózdy
Svoj blĵestĵáśśij óblik opĵát' skryváĵut;
Svĵétom mir oná zaliváĵet, pólna-
ĵa͜ i sĵerĵebrístaĵa.
Russian (Latin) for Moldova and Russia:

Ax/Znaj! Vokrýg prĵekrásnoj luný vsĵe zvĵózdy
Svoj blĵestĵáśśij óblik opĵát' skryváĵut;
Pólnaĵa i sámaĵa ĵásna sĵerĵe-
brít oná mir/zĵémlĵu.
Russian (Latin) for Moldova and Russia:

Ax/Znaj! Vokrýg prĵekrásnoj luný vsĵe zvĵózdy
Svoj blĵestĵáśśij óblik opĵát' skryváĵut;
Pólnaĵa, prĵeĵásnaĵa, sĵerĵebrít o-
ná nášu zĵémlĵu.

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